Wei, Y.; Wang, J.; Zhang, S.; Sono, D.; Xiu, C. Urban positionality in the regional urban network: Through the lens of alter-based centrality and national-local perspectives. Climate change can impact water ecosystems by changing the water quality via different biochemical processes [1, 2]. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. Natural Resources. What are some similarities between current American society and ancient Greece with respect to art, architecture, and politics? Although many factors combine to influence weather, the four main ones are solar radiation, the amount of which changes with Earth's tilt, orbital distance from the sun and latitude, temperature, air pressure and the abundance of water. Latitude. interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The results demonstrated that precipitation elasticity shows higher sensitivity to topographic and socio-economic determinants as compared to temperature elasticity. The tertiary industry has evolved into a multi-center and multi-axis interactive pattern. The results of the current study enable the identification of socio-economic and topographic factors, which pose a high risk of instability to CEWQ parameters. Nowadays, GIS-aided statistical analysis provides new tools to explore these relationships. By contrast, the N-load is high in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climates, which may be due to the high response of stream flow to precipitation [27] in the above-mentioned climate classes, which fuels NH4+-F concentration from point and diffuse pollutions sources to surface waters via land runoff [17, 53, 54], or it may be linked to warm climates that have a higher N cycle, which could increase N concentrations and loads. Accessed 18 Jan. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. GDP acted as a stabilizing agent in maintaining CEWQ in both tropical (A) and temperate (C) climate classes, while runoff coefficient, slope and population density fuels the risk of instability in temperate climate class (C). Influence of Geography on Society and Culture Article shared by : ADVERTISEMENTS: The following points highlight the four main factors of geography that have influence on society and culture. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. Topography is the relief of an area. Zheng, W.; Xu, W.-L.; Chen, Y. several social, demographic, economic, political and historical factors affect population distribution. Lu, Z.-H. Research on Spatial Economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration and Their Impact on Economic Efficiency. shape of the land (known as 'relief' or 'topography'). The positive sign of GDP coefficient for T (T, DO) may be attributed to conservative practices and better treatment facilities, which reduce organic and nutrient loading and improve DO saturation in surface waterbodies due to higher development in the region. Certain ocean currents have differenet temperatures. Research on the Influence of a High-Speed Railway on the Spatial Structure of the Western Urban Agglomeration Based on Fractal TheoryTaking the ChengduChongqing Urban Agglomeration as an Example. ; Wang, L.-C.; Li, Q.-G.; Yan, C.-X. Disclaimer/Publishers Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely Wind and air masses. The direction and speed of the wind can be greatly affected by topography. Papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and undergo peer review Figure 3. ; formal analysis, X.X. Chai, D.; Zhang, D.; Sun, Y.; Yang, S.; Xiong, F. Research on the City Network Structure in the Yellow River Basin in China Based on Two-Way Time Distance Gravity Model and Social Network Analysis Method. They cover physical parameters, and O, C, N, and P-parameters, which are representative and significant from a global perspective. most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. Epirus is isolated by mountains. Climatic factors such as light, water, and rainfall, temperature, air, relative humidity and wind also affect farming in various ways. It also caused the Greeks to look outside of its peninsula for colonies that possessed soil that could be farmed. Heated ground causes air to rise which results in lower air pressure. The climate of any particular place is influenced by a host of interacting factors. Winds will also be gusty and spotting is more likely. Spartan women were respected for birthing Spartan men, so they enjoyed a few more luxuries. As a result, more energy is lost and temperatures are cooler. Under the green goals of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality, understanding how to develop the economy with high quality is an important issue facing regional development. Precious metals were mined from the mountains that could be used for trade. Latitude. G01296001). The factors are: 1. Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude. College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China, Gansu Engineering Research Center of Land Utilization and Comprehension Consolidation, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China. It is important to investigate the potential impacts of socio-economic variables on the strength and direction of water quality response to climate factors. How Does Geography Affect Development? What were the major differences between Athens and Sparta. The impacts of natural environment on water quality, e.g., climate and topography, have been less studied in comparison with land use and socio-economic factors. Res. As the air moves up the windward side of a mountain, it cools, and the volume decreases. This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. Some studies have confirmed that temperature is the most important controlling agent for other factors such as precipitation, catchment size on soil erosion and subsequently sediment flux [72, 74]. Citation Afed U Khan et al 2017 Environ. prior to publication. See further details. 41771130. This, of course, affected economic development. Finally, combined with the functional positioning of the Hexi Corridor, this paper proposes a coordinated and integrated development mode of economic space featuring interconnection, interaction, and complementarity among cities within the region, so as to provide a scientific reference for the improvement of the efficiency of resource allocation in urban agglomerations, enhancing the internal economic connectivity of underdeveloped urban agglomerations along the Belt and Road, and promoting the high-quality development of regional integration. Blasi, S.; Ganzaroli, A.; De Noni, I. Smartening sustainable development in cities: Strengthening the theoretical linkage between smart cities and SDGs. The present method has a limitation due to the unavailability of monthly data for GDP at the sub-watershed scale. More specifically speaking, topography aids in changing precipitation and temperature. The literature illustrates that temperature has an exponential effect on sediment load (soil erosion) [72, 73]. In this paper, the social network analysis software UCINET 6.2 was used to analyze the network density, centrality, and cohesive subgroups of the economic connection network of the urban agglomeration. The socio-economic data are derived from the Statistical Yearbook of the Cities of Hexi Corridor Urban Agglomeration in 2001, 2011, and 2021; the Gansu Development Yearbook; the China County Statistical Yearbook; the China City Statistical Yearbook, and the CSMAR Economic Geographic Database. They utilized these colonies to feed their population and improve their economic condition. Zhao, J.; Sun, G.; Webster, C. Does China-Pakistan Economic Corridor improve connectivity in Pakistan? Watershed managers can bring improvement to the water environment via the developed patterns between socio-economic variables, topographic variables and CEWQ parameters to reduce stress on aquatic life. Land 2023, 12, 274. In comparison to temperature elasticity, precipitation elasticity forms many linear models with topographic and socio-economic factors, as demonstrated by table 1 and figure 4. ; Wei, W. Urban competition and cooperation in Hexi Corridor based on niche theory. Such a relation shows that the slope is a secondary variable rather than dominant explanatory variable [16, 77]. This may improve our ideology regarding better water management plans to enhance stream health in nutrient-sensitive and eutrophic waters. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics. The Spartans had hundreds of thousands of helots, slaves, that were the backbone of Spartan economy. Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. Some nonlinear relations are reported in table 1 with their corresponding R2 and P-values which include: P (P, NOx-F) with mean slope (R2=0.624, P=0.001), P (P, PO43-F) with P-manure with (R2=0.624, P=0.001), T (T, NO2-F) with N-manure (R2=0.563, P=0.001), T (T, P-F) with P-fertilizer (R2=0.695, P=0.010) and T (T, P-F) with P-manure (R2=0.920, P=0.000). The development of advanced shipbuilding techniques enabled the Greeks to travel. The basic answer is that the farther away you get from the earth, the thinner the atmosphere gets. Xian et al (2007) found that Cu, Zn, NO3+ NO2, oil grease, and total suspended solid are strongly correlated with population density [17, 25]. Klages-Mundt, A.; Minca, A. Optimal intervention in economic networks using influence maximization methods. Land: Climate and Temperature. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. Generally, topographic features regulate surface water quality variables. Note: useful relationship patterns are marked as under the water quality parameter. For more details on the CEWQ results refer to [28, 37]. ; Dang, X.-W. Wind and air masses. The above discussion shows that the response of the precipitation elasticity of water quality parameters to topographic and socio-economic, secondary determining factors, is simple. Just like other abiotic elements of environmental factors such as soil and topography, they influence how crops grow and develop. Spatial Structure of urban Agglomerations Based on the perspective of flow space: A case study of the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Afed U Khan1,2, Jiping Jiang1,3, Peng Wang1,4 and Yi Zheng3, Published 11 October 2017 First, the relief modifies the temperature and moisture conditions, and this in turn leads to vertical zonation of climate, soil, and vegetation. Oymyakon is the coldest permanently-inhabited place on Earth and is found in the Arctic Circle's Northern Pole of Cold. The runoff coefficient has a positive coefficient for T (T, NO3-F). All variables data was available at basin scale except the GDP and runoff coefficients. Topographical features like mountains affect the weather mostly in the way that they direct air currents. As altitude increases, the amount of gas molecules in the air decreasesthe air becomes less dense than air nearer to sea level. Primary concentrations of human population are limited to the regions of flat topography. Here we assess the impact of topographic and socio-economic factors on the climate sensitivity of surface water quality, estimated using an elasticity approach (climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ)), and identify potential risks of instability in different regions and climatic conditions. There are six major controls of the climate of an area. Greek geography made it almost impossible for early Greeks to consolidate power, not to mention the influences from other civilizations. Economic development- Those city-states that were located on the Mediterranean Sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes. GDP shows a negative coefficient for T (T, turbidity). Cooler air is capable of holding less water vapor than warmer air. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. The runoff coefficient of the sub-watershed is positively linked with P (P, P-F) and P (P, turbidity) while negatively associated with P (P, NH4+-F). ; funding acquisition, P.S. HSCJ201607). The possibility of economic exchange and industrial transfer is more significant in the subgroup, which is conducive to guiding the regional economys benign development from the whole networks perspective. From 2000 to 2010, the industrial base was improved, and vital complementary industries increased and showed similar characteristics. Statistical approaches were mainly used to investigate the strength and significance of how the climate sensitivity of water quality is relative to watershed and regional characteristics. According to the results of the network centrality, the city cluster forms four core economic circles, namely Jiujia, Dungua, Zhangye, and Jinwu. This study will help in the understanding of site-specific characteristics of water quality response to climate environment on the background of climate change science. "How did geography and topography affect Greek economic, political and social development? Population density has a positive coefficient for P (P, NO3-F), which may be due to lawn fertilization in urban areas, which drains NO3-F to enrich surface waters [59, 79]. Altitude or height above sea level - Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. Published by IOP Publishing Ltd eNotes Editorial, 15 Dec. 2015, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-did-geography-topography-affect-greek-economic-110793. Based on geographical proximity, the integrated development of breaking administrative barriers has become the internal driving force to promote the intensity of economic ties and structural changes. Huang, X.; Huang, X.-J. Conceptualization, X.X. affect farming. ; Zhu, Y.-F.; Zhou, W.-X. This enabled the Spartan citizens to train in the art of battle. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. Air expands as it rises, and the fewer gas moleculesincluding nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxidehave fewer chances to bump into each other. ; Li, M.-L. Study on Spatial Connection and Optimization of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: Based on urban flow intensity and gravity model. The topographic effect is the variation in radiance from an inclined surface compared to the radiance from a horizontal surface as a function of the surface orientation relative to the light source and sensor position. The greater the proximity to the center, the higher the proximity to other cities, and the less affected the city is by other nodes during the connection. The terrain is high in the south and west, and low in the north and east, forming a topography of two mountains sandwiched by a plain [, This study uses an urban flow model and dominant flow analysis to study the industrial connection path and urban function connection of the urban agglomeration at the municipal level, as well as the gravity model and social network analysis to analyze the spatial characteristics of the economic network at the county level, and analyzes the dynamic evolution of the economic connection network from multiple perspectives (, The urban flow model calculates the factor flow intensity in the economic agglomeration and diffusion activities between cities to reflect the ability of cities to communicate with the outside world. It depends on how close or how far it is to the equator. ; Shi, P.-J. For example, you might wear heavier clothing and tend to be physically stronger as a result of climbing often. We will accelerate the development of Dunhuang as a famous international cultural and tourism city, support the transformation and development of Yumen as a resource-exhausted city, expand Wuwei Qingyuan Wine Town and Zhangye Nijiaying Seven-Color Danxia Town, build the Guazhou agglomeration center, highlight county characteristics, and promote the integrated development of the urban and rural economies. GDP positively favors P (P, P-UF), which might be linked with urbanization. Ridges and mountains are barriers to the horizontal movement of air. ; writingreview and editing, P.S. By contrast, the impact of topographical features on the response of typical water quality parameters to climate factors has not been investigated. Previous studies, which used statistical approaches or process-based approaches, have discussed the river water quality relationship with, or response to, air temperature and precipitations. It is of great significance to strengthen the urban connection in the Hexi Corridor and give full play to the overall competitive advantage. There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. Nie, X.-Y. Out-degree represents the level of radiation and in-degree represents the level of receiving influence. Central Greece is surrounded by a lot of water, and the Peloponnese is mountainous and separated from the mainland by the Gulf of Corinth. If an area is close to a body of water it tends to make milder climates. Motions of the Earth: Mountains played a significant role in the political development of Greece. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. Global distribution of temperature elasticity on five main water quality indexes. GDP is negatively associated with T (T, turbidity). Culture. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. Economic factors such as subsidies, commodity prices, labour and immigration laws, cost of land, transport, capital and markets, etc. In the case of Cambodia, civil unrest in the past had forced a large number of people to migrate from one province to another. Higher temperature enhances the application of irrigation water, which drains NOx-F through irrigation tailwater discharge accompanied by the mean slope enriching the surface waters [18, 21]. Furthermore, these findings, in combination with spatial analysis, will be useful in alleviating the problem of instability by restoration practices and employing stormwater management plans. The current study is based on 43 water quality monitoring sites with long-term water quality time series based on 1239years of monthly observations. As air cools, this water vapor is forced to condense, depositing rain or snow on windward slopes. One of the most important factors in development is geography, where the country is in the world, and climate. Factor # 1. Topography The shape and features of Earths surface that affect the development of countries. UDel_AirT_Precip data were obtained from the website of NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA. Yang, L.-J. (1) The overall function of the urban agglomeration is weak, the outward function of manufacturing is outstanding, the complementary network is highly complicated and evolving, and the environment and public service and tourism industry have apparent advantages. In order to detect the impact of topography on social factors, we selected the Climate 4. There is, primary sector, Secondary sector, Tertiary sector, & Quaternary sector. Dai, J.-C.; Xie, F.; Na, K.-P. Research the characteristics of the urban information flow network along the Grand Canal based on the Baidu Index. Watershed topography, such as catchment area and slope, is an important element that affects surface waters and basin hydrology [1518]. Introduction: Climate is determined by the temperature and precipitation characteristics of a region over time. Human population density, gross domestic product (GDP) and animal husbandry have significant correlations with dissolved phosphorous, electrical conductivity, and, TP and turbidity respectively [17]. Country level GDP data were assigned to their corresponding watershed. ; Gao, S.; Wang, Y.-Q. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the Increasing P (P, temperature) with sub-watershed area is a direct consequence of atmospheric energy input [38]. Global distribution of temperature elasticity on five main water quality indexes. Yang, L.-J. Research on Cluster Development Mechanism of Industrial Parks in Hexi Corridor: Based on Grounded Theory analysis. (3) The economic network has a greater agglomeration effect than diffusion effect, with prominent grouping characteristics, forming a network structure of one man, three vices, and many nodes and a significant spatial proximity effect. Streamflow sensitivity to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27], which sweeps fertilizers to waterbodies in the vicinity. The intensification of human socio-economic activities, along with fertilizer and manure application for crop production, has strong consequences for surface water quality. Latest answer posted January 22, 2019 at 2:51:11 PM. 4. The higher up you are, the colder and drier it will be. Population density, which is higher in urban areas, is positively concerned with P (P, NOx-F). The topographic effect is the variation in radiance from an inclined surface compared to the radiance from a horizontal surface as a function of the surface orientation relative to the light source and sensor position.
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