The vast majority of Temne are Muslims at over 85%; with a significant Christian minority at about 10%. The Oku are virtually all Muslims at about 99%. Protesters have been killed by security forces, as have prison rioters (in one incident at Pademba Road Prison, 30 inmates and one correction officer were killed). There are several systems of transport in Sierra Leone, which has a road, air and water infrastructure, including a network of highways and several airports. Black settlers were captured by unscrupulous traders and sold as slaves, and the remaining colonists were forced to arm themselves for their own protection. Sir Albert resorted to increasingly authoritarian actions in response to protests and enacted several laws against the opposition All People's Congress, whilst attempting to establish a one-party state. The 1978 constitution made the APC the only legal political party in Sierra Leone. The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 16 districts, as of July 2017. Eventually, "Elections before Peace" won the debate. On 19 October 1998, 24 soldiers in the Sierra Leone armyincluding Gborie, Brigadier Hassan Karim Conteh, Colonel Samuel Francis Koroma, Major Kula Samba and Colonel Abdul Karim Sesaywere executed by firing squad after they were convicted in a court martial in Freetown, some for orchestrating the 1997 coup that overthrew President Kabbah and others for failure to reverse the mutiny.[94]. Karefa-Smart led a prominent small minority faction within the SLPP party in opposition of Albert Margai as Prime Minister. Sierra Leone's former Vice-President Alhaji Samuel Sam-Sumana is an ethnic Kono. They predominate in the large towns, most notably Karina, in Bombali District in the north; Kabala and Falaba in Koinadugu District in the north; and Yengema, Kono District in the east of the country. There were thousands of these Black Loyalists, people of African descent who joined the British military forces during the American Revolutionary War. The other ethnic groups are the Mandingo (also known as Mandinka). Makeni is home to Sierra Leone's incumbent President, Ernest Bai Koroma. Kenema is the most populated district in Sierra Leone, according to the preliminary report of the final result of the Mid-Term Census report released by Statistics Sierra Leone (Stats SL) last week. They reinstated the constitution and returned power to Stevens, who at last assumed the office of Prime Minister. Sierra Leone's Freetown is a favourite destination for tourists. Native to Sierra Leone, they have occupied Sherbro Island since it was founded. Taylor's aim was for the RUF to attack the bases of Nigerian dominated peacekeeping troops in Sierra Leone who were opposed to his rebel movement in Liberia. The 1898 Hut Tax rebellion occurred as a response to British attempts to impose an annual tax on all houses in the country. [13] Freetown is the capital and largest city. A Continental Perspective", Ebola virus epidemic in Sierra Leone#cite note-Ebola WHO 22 oct-1, "The economic impact of Ebola may kill more people than the virus itself", Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey 2008, "At Long Last, Recruitment Begins at Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation | ICFJ International Center for Journalists", "Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC) Maiden Report 2010-2011", "Sierra Leone Editorial criticizing president prompts multiple proceedings", "Sierra Leone editors arrested after publishing article comparing pres", "Editor arrested for comparing Sierra Leone president to a rat | Media", "Sierra Leone editors arrested after publishing article comparing president to a rat", "Sierra Leone intensifies media crackdown News", "Sierra Leone: In Sierra Leone, Journalists Held On Libel, Sedition Charges", "Press Freedoms and Human Rights:2005 Year End Press Freedom Brief", "Media use, and attitudes towards media in Sierra Leone:A comprehensive baseline study", "Cricinfo article Uganda and Sierra Leone Win Through", "Visa Issues End Sierra Leone's World Cup Dream", Key Development Forecasts for Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone 2002 Summary Trade Statistics, Hurrarc Human Rights Respect Awareness Raising Campaigners, Environmental Justice Foundation's report on pirate fishing in Sierra Leone, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Commonwealth Secretariat Member Countries, Comparison of American and British English, List of countries by English-speaking population, List of countries where English is an official language, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone&oldid=1134240923, English-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, States and territories established in 1961, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles with dead external links from June 2014, Articles with dead external links from July 2021, Articles with dead external links from August 2021, Articles with dead external links from June 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from October 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles lacking reliable references from October 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Articles with self-published sources from December 2017, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 18:00. Waterloo is a major urban transport hub and lies on the . [121] Sierra Leone is a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). In 1978, the APC-dominant parliament approved a new constitution making the country a one-party state. The six municipalities include Freetown, which functions as the local government for the Western Area Urban District, and Bo, Bonthe, Kenema, Koidu, and Makeni.[133][135][136]. The large majority of Sierra Leonean Christians are Protestant, of which the largest groups are the Wesleyan Methodists. "[132], Within the context of local governance, the districts are governed as localities. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began working in Sierra Leone in the 1970's, focusing on Lassa fever. They predominate in the large town of Koindu and its surrounding areas in Kailahun District. [223], Sierra Leone suffers from epidemic outbreaks of diseases, including yellow fever, cholera, Ebola, lassa fever and meningitis. [168], After the contribution made by the Bangladesh UN Peacekeeping Force in the Sierra Leone Civil War under the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone, the government of Ahmad Tejan Kabbah declared Bengali an honorary official language in December 2002. It is by far the most populous district in the country with a population of 1,050,301 and is located in the Western Area of the country. According to an Overseas Development Institute report, private health expenditure accounts for 85.7% of total spending on health. Norman was a guard to Governor-general Sir Henry Lightfoot-Boston. In August 2017, one new province (Northwestern), two new districts (Falaba and Karene) and. In addition, many continued to practise Methodism in Freetown. Within hours after taking office, Stevens was ousted in a bloodless military coup led by Brigadier General David Lansana, the commander of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces. The Sierra Leone Police is headed by the Inspector General of Police, the professional head of the Sierra Leone Police force, who is appointed by the president of Sierra Leone. Each has a directly elected local district council to exercise authority and carry out functions at a local level. Waterloo is part of Freetown metropolitan area. Area: 69.5 mile - 111.8 km radius. The Susu and Yalunka kingdom was established in the early fifth seventh century[clarification needed] before the Mali empire, which was extended from Mali, Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry to the northern part of Sierra Leone. Sir Milton Margai became Sierra Leone's first prime minister. The NPRC's efforts proved to be nearly ineffective as the ousted Momoh administration in repelling the RUF rebels. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. Sierra Leone is home to Sub-Saharan Africa's first Western-style university: Fourah Bay College (established in 1827). Internet access in Sierra Leone has been sparse but is on the increase, especially since the introduction of 3G/4G cellular phone services across the country. [53], At about the same time (following the abolition of the slave trade in 1807), Royal Navy crews delivered thousands of formerly enslaved Africans to Freetown, after liberating them from illegal slave ships. Reference Location: Bonthe District, Sierra Leone. Islam was introduced by Susu traders, merchants and migrants from the north and east, becoming widely adopted in the 18th century. By September 2014, with the closure of borders, the cancellation of airline flights, the evacuation of foreign workers and a collapse of cross-border trade, the national deficit of Sierra Leone and other affected countries was widening to the point where the IMF was considering expanding its financial support. For more than a century, it was the only European-style university in western Sub-Saharan Africa. Please select the style of the location map in the table below. Problems experienced with access to the Internet include an intermittent electricity supply and a slow connection speed in the country outside Freetown. The population of Bo is estimated at about 233,684 . The country is among the top ten diamond producing nations. The president is the highest and most influential position within the government of Sierra Leone. Mining of diamonds in the east and other minerals expanded, drawing labourers there from other parts of the country. President Momoh appointed his former military colleague and key ally, Major General Mohamed Tarawalie to succeed him as the head of the Sierra Leone Military. [33] The Spanish rendering of this geographic formation is Sierra Leona, which later was adapted, misspelled and became the country's current name. 267,266. Despite efforts by the government and numerous non-governmental organisations, access has not much improved since the end of the Sierra Leone Civil War in 2002, stagnating at about 50% and even declining in rural areas. [14][15], Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with a unicameral parliament and a directly elected president serving a five-year term with a maximum of two terms. [226], In the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted by UNICEF in 2012, the prevalence of female genital mutilation in Sierra Leone was 94%. In December 2005, UN peacekeeping forces pulled out of Sierra Leone. At the same time, he sent warriors to assist Bai Bureh in fighting against the British. Two-thirds of the population of Sierra Leone are directly involved in subsistence agriculture. Most of the Mosques and Islamic schools across Sierra Leone are based in Sunni Islam. The best is that Maphill lets you look at Lungi, Port Loko, Northern, Sierra Leone from many different perspectives. Momoh broke from former President Siaka Stevens by integrating the powerful SSD into the Sierra Leone Police as a special paramilitary force. Females, experiencing higher levels of rapes, presented greater signs of depression and anxiety. Despite Makeni being ethnically diverse just as the other major cities in the country, the Temne people account for the largest ethnic group in the city and the main language is the Krio language. In addition, it stated that: The population size of Sierra Leone in 2021 has more than tripled since the first modern census that was conducted in 1963. The Susu and Yalunka are both descendants of migrants from Guinea; they both are virtually all Muslims at over 99%. The situation in the country deteriorated to such an extent that British troops were deployed in Operation Palliser, originally simply to evacuate foreign nationals. The amount of illegal fishing has significantly depleted fish stocks, depriving local fishing communities of an important resource for survival. Freetown is Sierra Leone's political, economic, cultural, financial, and educational center. Many Liberated Africans were so unhappy that they risked the possibility of being sold back into slavery by leaving Sierra Leone and going back to their original villages. It is the fifth-largest city in Sierra Leone, and the Tenme people make up the largest ethnic group in the city. Bombali became one of the most heavily affected districts in Sierra Leone, with 873 confirmed patients with Ebola during July-November 2014. Football is an important part of Kenema's culture being home to one of Sierra Leone's most famous international footballer known as Mohamed Kallon. Port Loko District is a district in the North West Province of Sierra Leone. The current Inspector General of Police is Brima Acha Kamara, who was appointed to the position by former president Ahmad Tejan Kabbah. Many people moved to Freetown during the countrys civil war to avoid violence in more rural areas, and economic opportunities also draw people to the city. The Fula are primarily traders, and many live in middle-class homes. Bo is located in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone, and the whole urban center is commonly known as Bo Town. Freetown Graphic maps of the area around 8 33' 36" N, 13 31' 30" W. There are many color schemes to choose from. Having had no formal emergency medical services previously, the First Responder Coalition of Sierra Leone (FRCSL) was formed in June 2019 in Makeni to facilitate the development of emergency first responder programs nationwide. [20] Lansana was later tried and found guilty of treason, and sentenced to death in 1975. Many of the national team footballers are celebrities across Sierra Leone and they are often well known by the general population. [243], Rice is the staple food of Sierra Leone and is consumed at virtually every meal daily. [235], The water supply in Sierra Leone is characterised by limited access to safe drinking water. A key indicator of success will be the effectiveness of government management of its diamond sector. In the 1790s, the Settlers, including adult women, voted for the first time in elections. A woman can be the head of the house only if she remains single for the rest of her life. The Eastern Province is the center of the countrys diamond mining industry. The first of the 6,000-member force began arriving in December, and the UN Security Council voted in February 2000 to increase the force to 11,000, and later to 13,000. On the coast in Bonthe District in the south are the Sherbro. Mineral exports remain the main currency earner. This ended its 16years of running the Colony. This merger eventually happened in 2011 after the necessary legislation was enacted. In the 2004 census, Waterloo had a population of 34,079. [255] As of 2013[update] Sierra Leone is ranked 61st (up two slots from 63rd in 2012) out of 179 countries on Reporters Without Borders' Press Freedom Index. The land was also home to the Temee and Loko peoples, whose presence predates the arrival of Europeans. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90.2 (2012): 120-127F. This condition often drives women into poverty and isolation.[229]. Bai Sherbro was a chief and warrior on Bonthe Island, in the southwestern part of the country. Men continue to be the lesser population with a total of three million seven hundred and twenty-seven thousand, seven hundred and forty-seven (3,727,747), comprising 49.4% of the total population. Freetown, a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean, is the biggest and capital city of Sierra Leone. For example, some of the Liberated Africans were forced to change their name to a more Western sounding one. The large majority of SLPP members backed Albert Margai over Karefa-Smart. [221] The founding members of the Coalition included the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society (the first chairing organisation), LFR International (proposed the formation), the University of Makeni, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, and the Holy Spirit Hospital. The most populous district, by far, is the Western Urban District. She used diplomacy to communicate with many local chiefs who did not trust her friendship with the British. In November 1951, Margai oversaw the drafting of a new constitution, which united the separate Colonial and Protectorate legislatures and provided a framework for decolonisation. A new constitution was adopted in 1971, paving the way for Sierra Leone becoming a republic, and Siaka Stevens, leader of the All People's Congress (APC), becoming the first executive president of the Republic of Sierra Leone. [209] However, female household does change depending on their marital status. Sierra Leone has a vibrant Ahmaddiya Muslim population, especially in the southern city of Bo, which is home to a large Ahmadiyya Muslim population. Football is the most popular sport in this city, and its home to the Kamboi Eagles professional football club. As of 19 October 2014, there had been 3,706 cases of Ebola in Sierra Leone, and 1,259 deaths, including that of the leading physician trying to control the outbreak, Sheik Umar Khan. Statistics Sierra Leone in its report said the country started recording its population in 1963, then numbering two million one hundred and eighty thousand, three hundred and fifty-five (2,180,355). [88] The situation has improved considerably since then with primary school enrolment doubling between 2001 and 2005 and the reconstruction of many schools since the end of the war. Supported by:Open Society Initiative for West Africa (OSIWA), Kenema is most populated district in Sierra Leone says latest census figures, World Bank approves another $50M grant to Sierra Leone, Two arrested over arson attacks on electricity facility in Tombo, Sierra Leonean women back land rights initiative, Six Maritime officials freed of corruption offences, Parliament ratifies agric. Koroma suspended the constitution, banned demonstrations, shut down all private radio stations in the country and invited the RUF to join the new junta government, with its leader Foday Sankoh as the Vice-Chairman of the new AFRC-RUF coalition junta government. Sierra Leone has a dominant unitary central government and a weak local government. [201] Many Christian organisations in Sierra Leone, including the Council of Churches condemned Ajisafe's sermon against Islam and Muslims. [161], In 2019 Sierra Leone had a population of 7,813,215[164] and a growth rate of 2.216% a year. A small community of Orthodox Christians resides in the capital Freetown.[207]. Corporal Gborie quickly went to the Sierra Leone Broadcasting Services headquarters in New England, Freetown to announce the coup to a shocked nation and to alert all soldiers across the country to report for guard duty. Men continue to be the lesser population with a total of three million seven hundred and twenty-seven thousand, seven hundred and forty-seven (3,727,747), comprising 49.4% of the total population. Ten years later, on 19 April 1971, the country became a republic, with an elected President as the Head of State. Overfishing is also an issue in Sierra Leone. In addition, differences between the Register of Liberated Africans of 1808 and the List of Captured Negroes of 1812 (which emulated the 1808 document) revealed some disparities in the entries of the recaptives, specifically in the names; many recaptives decided to change their given names to more anglicised versions which contributed to the difficulty in tracking them after they arrived in Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone is regarded as one of the most religiously tolerant countries in the world. It made its international debut at the 2004 African Affiliates Championship, where it finished last of eight teams. After the return to civilian rule, by-elections were held (beginning in autumn 1968) and an all-APC cabinet was appointed. Prior to 2017, the area of the North West Province was included in the Northern Province, and its cumulative area measured 35,936 square kilometers (13,874 square miles). The executive branch of the Government of Sierra Leone, headed by the president of Sierra Leone has extensive powers and influences. The Kru predominate in the Kroubay neighbourhood in the capital of Freetown. This allowed the crown to organize labour forces for timber cutting or mining, to grow cash crops for export, or to send work expeditions to plantations as far away as the Congo. The current president of Sierra Leone is former military junta leader Julius Maada Bio. 49,839; Regent Urban Area: pop. Next in proportion are the Kono, who live primarily in Kono District in Eastern Sierra Leone. For her loyalty, she was awarded a silver medal by Queen Victoria. Sierra Leone's two most dominant parties, the APC and the SLPP, collectively won every elected seat in Parliament in the 2012 Sierra Leone parliamentary election. Sierra Leone became an independent, sovereign state on 27 April 1961 with Milton Margai as its Prime Minister. He arrived along the West African coast during the rainy season in September 1462. The district has the highest percentage, a total of 10.2%, making it the most populated in the country. Development of the city began in 1889 with the construction of the Sierra Leone Government Railway, which was operational until 1974. Black migrants elected different levels of political representatives, 'tithingmen', who represented each dozen settlers and 'hundreders' who represented larger amounts. The currency is the leone. A general election was called later that year in which corruption was again endemic; the APC won 74 seats and the SLPP 15. Sierra Leone as a country lies between latitude and longitude 12.2 degrees west and 8.5 degrees north respectively. [24], The country takes its name from the Lion Mountains near Freetown. There are organised youth and adult football tournaments across the country, and there are various primary and secondary schools with football teams across Sierra Leone. The districts are further divided into a total of 190 (prior to 2017, 149) chiefdoms,[1] whose elected leaders provided most of local government from 1896 to 2004, when they were supplemented by elected local councils. Combined, the two provinces had a total land area of 35,936 square kilometers (13,874 square miles), but there is no official measure of the areas of the new individual provinces. The Oku people are related to the Krio and primarily reside in the communities of Fourah Bay, Fula Town, and Aberdeen in Freetown. In 1799 some of the settlers revolted. In addition, it stated that: The population size of Sierra Leone in 2021 has more than tripled since the first modern census that was conducted in 1963. The Mende are also Muslim majority at about 70%, though with a large Christian minority at about 30%. In Freetown, the Guma Valley Water Company remains in charge of the water supply. While the district councils are under the oversight of their respective provincial administrations, the municipalities are directly overseen by the Ministry of Local Government & Community Development and thus administratively independent of district and provincial administrations. [1][2] Previously, the country was divided into 14 districts. The vast majority of the Mende support the Sierra Leone People's Party; while the majority of the Temne support the All People's Congress.[208]. Dumbuya and former inspector general of police Bambay Kamara, was foiled. 132 members are elected concurrently with the presidential elections; the other 16 seats are filled by paramount chiefs from the country's 16 administrative districts. 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