His mother, Servilia, was also one of Caesar's lovers. A benevolent victor, Caesar even invited some of his defeated rivals to join him in the government. Caesar began an alliance with Gnaeus Pompey Magnus, a powerful military and political leader. Caesar hired some of Pompey's soldiers to stage a riot. The Egyptians, however, knew of Pompey's defeats and believed the gods favored Caesar: Pompey was assassinated as soon as he stepped ashore in Egypt. Cassius and Brutus dubbed themselves "the liberators.". In a daring display of his negotiation skills and counter-insurgency tactics, he convinced his captors to raise his ransom, then organized a naval force to attack them. Scipio Africanus was a talented Roman general who commanded the army that defeated Hannibal in the final battle of the Second Punic War in 202 B.C. Julius Rosenberg became an infamous figure in American history when he was convicted, along with his wife, Ethel, of giving military secrets to the Soviet Union in the early 1950s. His deadly intelligence and leadership will be brought to bear against the rebellion as he begins his ascent towards the all-powerful ruler he will one day become. Caesar’s marriage to Cornelia drew the ire of the Roman dictator Sulla, as Cornelia’s father was Sulla’s political rival. At the same time, Caesar was also careful to solidify his power and rule. In the midst of all the chaos, he got his way. and become the first Roman emperor. Gaius Caesar (/ ˈ s iː z ər /; 20 BC – 21 February AD 4) was consul in AD 1 and the grandson of Augustus, the first emperor of the Roman Empire.Although he was born to Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia, Augustus' only daughter, Gaius and his younger brother, Lucius Caesar, were raised by their grandfather as his adopted sons and joint-heirs to the empire. Indira Gandhi was India's third prime minister, serving from 1966 until 1984, when her life ended in assassination. The pirates were captured and executed. Just two years after his death, Caesar became the first Roman figure to be deified. DOWNLOAD BIOGRAPHY'S JULIUS CAESAR FACT CARD. The strategic political alliance among Caesar, Pompey and Crassus came to be known as the First Triumvirate. Once again, Caesar displayed his abilities as a negotiator, earning the trust of both Crassus and Pompey and convincing them they'd be better suited as allies than as enemies. By 44 BC Gaius Julius Caesar was the most famous and controversial man in Rome. J C Rolfe", "Suetonius, Life of Caesar, Chapters LXXXIII, LXXXIV, LXXXV", "Was Julius Caesar's epilepsy due to neurocysticercosis? Rather than submit to Pompey's command, on January 10, 49 B.C., Caesar ordered his powerful army to cross the Rubicon river in northern Italy and march toward Rome. His name may have come from an ancestor being born by caesarean section. In 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus and Pompey formed the First Triumvirate, a political alliance that dominated Roman politics for several years. Three years later, however, Crassus was killed in a battle in Syria. A power struggle ensued in Rome, leading to the end of the Roman Republic. But after Caesar's victory over Pompey, Brutus was encouraged to join the government. After his death, Caesar quickly became a martyr in the new Roman Empire. The assassination (murder) of Julius Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by forty Roman senators, the self-styled Liberatores.They were led by Cassius and Brutus.. While Caesar hailed from Roman aristocrats, his family was far from rich. In a controversial move, Caesar tried to pay off Pompey's soldiers by granting them public lands. After Sulla’s death, Caesar began his career in politics as a prosecuting advocate. An assassination ended his reign on the Ides of March. Caesar's inclusion of former Roman enemies in the government helped seal his downfall. ", "Julius Caesar's Late Onset Epilepsy: A Case of Historic Proportions", Dickinson College Commentaries: Selections from the, Forum Romanum Index to Caesar's works online, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julius_Caesar&oldid=1013886202, Characters in works by Geoffrey of Monmouth, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Pages using infobox military person with embed, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles with failed verification from February 2017, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, ÐелаÑÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ (ÑаÑаÑкевÑÑа)â, Srpskohrvatski / ÑÑпÑÐºÐ¾Ñ ÑваÑÑки, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 March 2021, at 00:17. The same year, Caesar wed Calpurnia, a teenager to whom he remained married for the rest of his life. Not long after, Caesar secured the governorship of Gaul (modern-day France and Belgium). (He also had several mistresses, including Cleopatra VII, Queen of Egypt, with whom he had a son, Caesarion.). 'ÎιαÏÏÏαÏε ÎάÏκα, Ïί Ïοιεá¿Ï; Ronald T. Ridley, "The Dictator's Mistake: Caesar's Escape from Sulla,", constitutional government of the Republic, frequently appeared in literary and artistic works, conspiracy to seize control of the republic, "Julius Caesar: The first triumvirate and the conquest of Gaul", "Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans, by Plutarch (chapter48)", "Suetonius, 'Life of the Caesars, Julius', trans. For Caesar, the First Triumvirate partnership was the perfect springboard to greater domination. A mob of lower- and middle-class Romans gathered at Caesar's funeral, with the angry crowd attacking the homes of Cassius and Brutus. Caesar went on to serve in several other key government positions. Caesar and Cleopatra forged an alliance (and a sexual relationship) that ousted her brother and co-regent, Ptolemy XIII, and placed Cleopatra on the throne of Egypt. All the while, he was mindful of the political scene back home in Rome, hiring key political agents to act on his behalf. Although he would serve just a year's term, Caesar’s rule proved instrumental in reforming Rome for his countrymen. Caesar’s fate – and that of the Roman Republic – hung in the balance as the Battle of Pharsalus began in earnest. And he granted citizenship to a number of foreigners. Caesar’s stature was further enhanced in 74 B.C. With the help of his influential friends, Caesar eventually convinced Sulla to be allowed to return to Rome. /13. Gaius Julius Caesar was born in July 100 B.C. Gaius Julius Caesar (Latin: [ˈɡaːiʊs ˈjuːliʊs ˈkae̯sar]; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.. He relocated temporarily to Rhodes to study philosophy. Soon after, in 68 or 69 B.C., he was elected quaestor (a minor political office). Julius Caesar was born in Rome on 12 or 13 July 100 BC into the prestigious Julian clan. Hans erobring af Gallien i Frankrig udbredte Romerriget helt til Atlanterhavskysten, en bedrift hvis konsekvenser er tydelige helt op til i dag. It's not clear whether Caesar knew of the plot to kill him: By all accounts, he planned to leave Rome on March 18 for a military campaign in what is now modern-day Iraq, where he hoped to avenge the losses suffered by his former political ally Crassus. By late 48 B.C., Caesar had subdued Pompey and his supporters in Italy, Spain and Greece, finally chasing Pompey into Egypt. Caesar maintained his alliance with Pompey, which enabled him to get elected as consul, a powerful government position, in 59 B.C. Pompey and his troops, however, were no match for Caesar’s military prowess. Caesar claimed to be outraged over Pompey's murder. When he was 16, his father, an important regional governor in Asia also named Gaius Julius Caesar, died. Julius Caesar transformed Rome from a republic to an empire, grabbing power through ambitious political reforms. In 69 B.C., Cornelia passed away. Gaius Julius Caesar (12. července 100 př. Their marriage lasted just a few years, and in 62 B.C., the couple divorced. Julius Caesar was born in July 100 BC and named Gaius Julius Caesar. A populist political star and great writer, he excelled in the military realm as well, pulling off a lightning conquest of Gaul – roughly, France and Belgium – as well as invading Britain and Germany (58–50 BC). In November 2017, archaeologists announced the discovery of what they believed to be the first evidence of Caesar's invasion of Britain in 54 B.C. We strive for accuracy and fairness. i Roma, død 15. mars 44 f.Kr. a group of Roman senators murdered Julius Caesar as he sat on the podium at a senate meeting.The dictator fell bleeding to … Gaius Julius Caesar was a leader of ancient Rome who significantly transformed what became known as the Roman Empire by greatly expanding its geographic reach and establishing its imperial system. Gaius Julius Cæsar (på klassisk latin skrevet GAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR, klassisk latinsk uttale [kajsar]; født juli 100 f.Kr. https://www.biography.com/political-figure/julius-caesar. Brutus' involvement in the killing packed the most complicated backstory. Crassus, a leader known as the richest man in Roman history, offered Caesar financial and political support that proved to be instrumental in his rise to power. The two committed suicide after their defeat by Octavian. She was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister. Caesar also resurrected two city-states, Carthage and Corinth, which had been destroyed by his predecessors. Wir schreiben das Jahr 51 vor Christus. He stuffed the Senate with allies and required it to grant him honors and titles. when he put together a private army and combated Mithradates VI Eupator, king of Pontus, who had declared war on Rome. The three leaders patched things up temporarily in 56 B.C. As Pompey further aligned himself with nobility, who increasingly saw Caesar as a national threat, civil war between the two leaders proved to be inevitable. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. By age 31, Caesar had fought in several wars and become involved in Roman politics. He killed his mother, persecuted Christians and is said to have "fiddled while Rome burned.". Pompey fled Rome and eventually landed in Greece, where his troops were defeated by Caesar's legions. In 61 to 60 B.C., Caesar served as governor of the Roman province of Spain. Nach langen Schlachten ist es dem römischen Reich endlich gelungen Gallien zu erobern. In 84 B.C., Caesar married Cornelia, the daughter of a nobleman. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Meanwhile, Crassus still had never completely overcome his disdain for Pompey. Caesar's great-grandnephew Gaius Octavian played on the late ruler's popularity, assembling an army to fight back the military troops defending Cassius and Brutus. In one instance he waited until his opponent's water supply had dried up, then ordered the hands of all the remaining survivors be cut off. Together they had a daughter, Julia Caesaris, in 76 B.C. As Julius Caesar’s power and prestige grew, Pompey grew envious of his political partner. i Roma) var en romersk militær leder, politiker, forfatter og diktator.Han spilte en viktig og avgjørende rolle i den gradvise overgangen fra den romerske republikk til Romerriket og keiserdømmet. Crassus and Pompey, however, were intense rivals. A skilled political tactician, she and her son by Caesar, Caesarion, proved instrumental in international affairs for years, culminating in her liaison with Roman general Mark Antony. var en romersk feltherre og statsmand. And Romans had no desire for monarchical rule: Legend has it that it had been five centuries since they'd last allowed a king to rule them. Caesar was assassinated by political rivals on the Ides of March (March 15th), 44 B.C. Around the time of his father's death, Caesar made a concerted effort to establish key alliances with the country's nobility, with whom he was well-connected. As he expanded his reach, Caesar was ruthless with his enemies. Between 58 and 50 B.C., Caesar conquered the rest of Gaul up to the river Rhine. He altered the Roman calendar and reorganized the construction of local government. Gaius Caesar, known as Caligula, succeeded Tiberius and served as Roman emperor from 37 to 41 A.D. Hall of Fame basketball forward Julius Erving, or "Dr. J," was an acrobatic player in the NBA and ABA. On March 15, 44 B.C. His dunks and graceful play helped change the game. In context: Julius Caesar. While Caesar's reforms greatly enhanced his standing with Rome's lower- and middle-class populations, his increasing power was met with envy, concern and angst in the Roman Senate. Around this time, Pompey—his old suspicions about Caesar's rise reignited—commanded that Caesar disband his army and return to Rome as a private citizen. Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus, former rivals of Caesar who'd joined the Roman Senate, led Caesar’s assassination. The young Roman refused and escaped by serving in the military, first in the province of Asia and then in Cilicia. Sulla ordered Caesar to divorce his wife or risk losing his property. The senators stabbed Caesar to death in the Theatre of Pompey on the Ides of March, 15 March 44 BC.Caesar was the dictator of the Roman Republic at the time. During Rome's earlier civil war, he had originally sided with Caesar’s opponent, Pompey. His victory over Caesar's assassins allowed Octavian, who assumed the name Augustus, to take power in 27 B.C. In 67 B.C., Caesar married Pompeia, the granddaughter of Sulla. at a conference in Luca, which cemented Caesar's existing territorial rule for another five years, granted Crassus a five-year term in Syria and accorded Pompey a five-year term in Spain. 2. As Emperor of Rome from 161-180, Marcus Aurelius kept the empire safe from the Parthians and Germans but is best known for his intellectual pursuits. Experts from the University of Leicester and Kent County Council said the location was consistent with accounts of the invasion from the time period, and enabled them to pinpoint nearby Pegwell Bay as the likely landing spot for Caesar's fleet. During his travels he was kidnapped by pirates. Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony) is best known as the Roman general who was a lover of Cleopatra. The country was peaceful under Augustus's rule. Roman general and statesman Julius Caesar turned the Roman Republic into the powerful Roman Empire. This allowed him to build a bigger military and begin the kind of campaigns that would cement his status as one of Rome's all-time great leaders. Little is known of Caesar's early years, but during his youth an element of instability dominated the Roman Republic, which had discredited its nobility and seemed unable to handle its considerable size and influence. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. He spoke first at assembly meetings, and Roman coins bore his face. RISE OF JULIUS CAESAR . At the same time Caesar was governing under Pompey, he aligned himself with the wealthy military leader Marcus Licinius Crassus. Caesar greatly transformed the empire, relieving debt and reforming the Senate by increasing its size and opening it up so that it better represented all Romans. He remained close to his mother, Aurelia. After having Pompey's assassins put to death, he met with the Egyptian queen Cleopatra. A number of politicians saw Caesar as an aspiring king. His family were closely connected with the Marian faction in Roman politics. into a patrician family that claimed to be descended from Julus, son of the Trojan prince Aeneas, who in turn was the supposed son of the goddess Venus. The excavation of a new road in Ebbsfleet, Kent, revealed a five-meter-wide defensive ditch and the remains of pottery and weapons. The Senate also gave him the title "The Divine Julius.". Caesar’s family claimed to be descended from the gods. After several alliances and military victories, he became dictator of the Roman Empire, a rule that lasted for just one year before his death. Upon his triumphant return to Rome, Caesar was hailed as the father of his country and made dictator for life. Caesar Augustus, or Octavian, became the first emperor of the Roman Empire after Julius Caesar died. The Julia clan believed they were offspring of Iulus, son of Aeneas Prince of Troy whose mother was supposed to be Venus herself. Allegedly a descendant of Trojan prince Aeneas, Caesar’s birth marked the beginning of a new chapter in Roman history. n. l. – 15. března 44 př. Gaius Julius Cæsar (født 13. juli 100 f.Kr., død 15. marts 44 f.Kr.) As Roman emperor, Neroâs reign was lavish and tyrannical. Gaius Julius Caesar was a leader of ancient Rome who significantly transformed what became known as the Roman Empire by greatly expanding its geographic reach and establishing its … He had been declared dictator perpetuo (dictator for life) by the Senate. Gaius Julius Caesar is a young rogue soldier from an esteemed lineage.He joins with Marcus Licinius Crassus as a capable lieutenant. Atlanterhavskysten, en bedrift hvis konsekvenser er tydelige helt op til i dag assassinated. Family claimed to be descended from the gods from 1966 until 1984, when her ended. Two years after his death, he got his way graceful play change... 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